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Basics

Basics

Learn the basics of machine vision

Table of contents
Vision systems
Vision systems basics
Optics
Optics basics Image quality Telecentric lenses 360° and macro lenses Fixed focal length lenses Other
Cameras
Camera basics Digital camera interfaces
Lighting
Light basics Illumination geometries and techniques More info
Machine Vision Algorithms
Foundational Advanced
Glossary
Other resources
Tech Insights
Video tutorials from the OE team
Tech notes
How-tos and instructions
Customer stories
Real-world application examples and case histories
EXE training
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Welcome to Opto Engineering knowledge base

You will find a comprehensive long-form introduction to the main concepts of Machine Vision: moreover, we offer a wide range of related learning resources, such as videos, presentations, application notes. Contact us to know more!

Vision systems
Vision systems basics
Tech Insights: What is a vision system?
Tech Insights: Vision system scope
Applications
Types of vision systems
Tech Insights: What are PC-based vision systems?
Smart camera
How a vision system works
Tech Insights: From image acquisition to output, how a vision system works
Optics
Optics basics
Tech Insights: Field of View & Working Distance
Lens approximations and equations
Tech Insights: Industrial Camera Mount Types
Camera mounts
Back focal length adjustment
Focal length
Magnification and field of view
Tech Insights: The importance of Magnification
F/# and depth of field
Tech Insights: Depth of Field, the key to obtain sharp images
Image quality
Tech Insights: The Concept of Resolution
Aberrations
Tech Insights: Image quality and distortion
Tech Insights: Distortion: why is it important?
Contrast
Lens resolving power: transfer function
Optics and sensor resolution
Reflection, transmission and coatings
Vignetting
Telecentric lenses
Tech Insights: What is a TC and why is it useful?
Tech Insights: Common applications of Telecentric lenses
Tech Insights: Industry focus for Telecentric lenses
Benefits of bi-telecentric lenses
How to choose the right telecentric lens
Tech Insights: How to pick the right Telecentric Lens
Tech Insights: Classic, Compact, and Coaxial Telecentric lenses
Tech Insights: Telecentric specialties: Focus Tunable, Flat, MultiMag lenses
About the iris
About the focusing mechanism
360° and macro lenses
Tech Insights: Scope of 360 view lenses outer inspections
Tech Insights: Scope of 360° view lenses inner inspections
Tech Insights: Scope of 360° view lenses: Multi-view applications
360° optics
Macro lenses
Fixed focal length lenses
Extension tubes
Varifocal lenses
Zoom lenses
Other
Scheimpflug optics
IR Optics
Cameras
Camera basics
Tech Insights: Industrial cameras applications
Tech Insights: Image sensor main specifications
Tech Insights: Image Acquisition
Camera types
Sensor sizes and resolution
Tech Insights: Picking your Sensor Size
Area and line scan cameras
Sensor types : CCD and CMOS
Monochrome VS color sensors
Sensor characteristics
EMVA Standard 1288
Tech Insights: Camera EMVA standards: GenICam, GigEVision, USB3Vision
Camera parameters
Tech Insights: Industrial Cameras Frame Rate
Tech Insights: Industrial Cameras Sychronization
Image sensor alignment
Flat Field Correction
Digital camera interfaces
Tech Insights: Camera Interfaces
IEEE 1394
Camera link
CoaXPress
GIG-E
USB 3.0
GenIcam Standard
Tech Insights: Industrial Camera Drivers and SDK
Lighting
Light basics
Light in machine vision
LED illumination
LED white light
LED power supply and output
LED pulsing and strobing
LED lifetime
Line speed, strobing and exposure time
Illumination geometries and techniques
Bright field, front light illumination
Dark field, front light illumination
Bright field, backlight illumination
Dark field, backlight illumination
Coaxial illumination
Dome lights and tunnel lights
Combined and advanced illumination solutions
Telecentric illumination
More info
Wavelength and optical performance
Optical filters
Structured illumination
Illumination and LED safety
Edge diffraction
Machine Vision Algorithms
Foundational
Tech Insights: Machine Vision Algorithms
Template matching
Contour analysis
Kernel
Edge detection
Segmentation and Thresholding
Blob analysis
Shape fitting
Autofocus
Advanced
Camera calibration
Tech Insights: AI Neural Network Based Systems
Tech Insights: Network Depth and deep learning
Neural network
Tech Insights: Neural network learning process and main tasks
Machine learning
Tech Insights: Machine learning advantages and disadvantages
Tech Insights: Supervised, unsupervised and semi-supervised learning